A survey by NSF International found that U.S. consumers are either doing too much or too little when it comes to the safe preparation and handling of food. Consumers take more caution in the initial preparation stages, but few bother to confirm if food is properly cooked, which is particularly important with respect to meat and poultry.

Survey findings show that 78% of respondents knew the right way to defrost meat and poultry safely, although only one-fifth use a meat thermometer to ensure proper cooking. In addition, about 40% of consumers do not save leftovers or throw them out within one or two days, even though most leftovers are safe for up to three or four days when properly stored. Consumers act similarly with respect to expiration dates; 66% do not eat or serve food past the date shown on the label, though food product dates are generally a guide for freshness and not directly related to food safety.

When handling raw meat or poultry, 90% of consumers wash their hands. One-fifth, however, do not use warm water and soap, the most effective combination of killing bacteria that causes illness. In addition, only about 31% of U.S. consumers know that it is acceptable to refreeze foods that were thawed in the refrigerator. Moisture levels are reduced during the thawing process, but the major concern is that refreezing foods can lead to a reduction in quality rather than a a food safety issue.

Over half (60%) of consumers re-wash packaged fruits and vegetables, although it is not necessary. Food safety habits vary between income levels, age groups, and different levels of education. Researchers conclude that these findings demonstrate the need for additional consumer education about food safety around the home.