An Investigation Into The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Program For CAFOs In Iowa
This report investigated Iowa regulations designed to protect waterways from pollution by Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs). The report found that the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (IDNR) is not fulfilling all its responsibilities to regulate CAFOs. In many cases, the IDNR failed to issue permits, conduct comprehensive investigations, enforce adequate penalties and match federal distance requirements. It appears many CAFOs in Iowa may be contributing to water quality degradation.
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted an informal investigation into Iowa regulations regarding water contamination by CAFOs. The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Program is designed to protect waterways from pollution. Under this program, CAFOs are required to obtain permits to discharging pollutants into waterways.
The EPA reviewed files from the IDNR addressing citizen complaints, manure spills or fish kills between 2008 and 2011. In some cases, the Iowa state law was less stringent than federal laws, and the IDNR made incomplete inspections regarding discharges of pollutants. The EPA also identified that many medium-sized CAFOs had not been considered for permits even though they could significantly impact water quality.
Many discharges of pollutants were not followed up, and 49% of illegal discharges did not result in enforced penalties. The report concluded it is likely that the lack of adequate penalties and enforcement will fail to deter CAFOs from discharging pollutants.

