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The cosmetics industry is rapidly expanding, with animal testing traditionally used to ensure product safety. Typically rodents, rabbits, and other small animals are used to evaluate skin irritation, toxicity, and other risks. However, over the past several decades, consumer demand has led many brands to adopt cruelty-free practices. 

This paper gives an overview of the current state of animal testing in the cosmetics industry in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. These countries, as members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), follow the ASEAN Cosmetic Directive (ACD) to regulate cosmetic product regulations across the countries. Although the ACD doesn’t specifically legislate animal testing, it sets ingredient and safety assessment standards. Animal testing for cosmetics remains legal in these countries if ACD guidelines are followed. 

However, major strides have been made to reduce animal testing in these countries. In 2016, the Indonesian Ministry of Health mandated the adoption of alternative testing methods and minimizing animal testing. This regulation drove many cosmetic companies in Indonesia to stop animal testing altogether. 

Additionally, due to its large Muslim population, halal certification is required for all cosmetic products in Indonesia. This is worth noting since, under Islamic law, product testing that involves rat skin or animal slaughter isn’t considered halal — further promoting the use of alternative testing. Malaysia also utilizes halal labeling on many products, although certification isn’t mandatory. 

In 2019, scientists in Singapore successfully developed human skin models. With similar biological and chemical properties to actual human skin, this advancement is a promising alternative to animal testing. 

Worldwide, consumer awareness of cruelty-free cosmetics is growing due to factors such as social media and online information, animal welfare organizations’ campaigns, reports on animal testing practices, and promotion of alternative testing methods.

Alternative testing approaches include in vitro (cell-based) methods, such as stem cell technologies and tissue engineering. Next generation sequencing and ‘omics (genomics, epigenomics, and proteomics) are other methods. Computational modeling is another promising alternative.

By adopting innovative, scientifically robust, and humane testing methods, the cosmetics industry in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore can align with global trends toward cruelty-free and sustainable practices while ensuring consumer safety and satisfaction. As scientific advances provide more reliable alternatives and consumers increasingly seek ethical products, the cosmetics industry worldwide has an opportunity to embrace humane practices. The authors suggest that advocates should promote regulations that mandate stricter cruelty-free practices and alternate testing methods, along with engaging in discussions that address the ethical dimensions of animal testing. Increasing consumer awareness will maintain momentum and further push towards making animal testing obsolete in the cosmetics industry.