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Environment

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A Comparison of Body Size, Coat Condition and Endoparasite Diversity of Wild Barbary Macaques Exposed to Tourism
As different communities around the world strive to find ways to preserve and protect threatened species, some are turning to tourism as a means of bringing in revenue to be used towards conservation efforts. However, tourism still has an impact on the environment and animals. This study from Morocco looks at how exposure to tourists is affecting the body size, coat color, and the amount of parasites found in local Barbary macaques, evaluating each group based on different levels of tourist exposure. READ MORE

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Red Wolf (Canis rufus) Recovery: A Review with Suggestions for Future Research
This article presents a comprehensive review and evaluation of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Red Wolf Recovery Program. The paper looks at the human, scientific, and environmentally caused struggles that red wolves have faced, and explains how the combination of different factors has created a particularly challenging climate for red wolves, even as a protected species. Even though the Recovery Program has arguably been successful in protecting red wolves and breeding them for reintroduction, the authors provide this analysis in the hope of improving the success rate of the Recovery Program even further. READ MORE

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Estimates of Illegal and Unreported Fish in Seafood Imports to the USA
This study looks at the prevalence and impact of illegal and unreported (IU) fishing on the U.S. market, specifically, "a new effort to study and quantify the dimensions of the problem from the perspective of the United States as a major seafood market." Researchers looked at a wide range of sources to estimate the percentages of IU fish that enter the U.S. market, and also provide a breakdown as to how the IU fishing of different species fits into the overall picture. What results is a situation that demands attention from both policy-makers and consumers to rectify. READ MORE

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A Global Gap Analysis of Sea Turtle Protection Coverage
This study takes a global look at sea turtle nesting sites and compares them to maps of protected areas to determine gaps in coverage. Paying special attention to developing countries, or countries in active geopolitical conflict, the study gives a view of sea turtle protection that reaches beyond simply identifying gaps, to better understand why those gaps might exist. The results of the study show that many countries protect only a fraction of their nesting sites, and that more regional and international support is needed to help protect sea turtles in developing countries or those engaged in active conflict. READ MORE

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Review of Proposed Rule Regarding Status of the Wolf Under the Endangered Species Act
This paper by the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) is an independent scientific review of the US Fish and Wildlife Service's (USFWS) proposed rule regarding the status of gray wolves in the lower 48 states. In it, a group of experts give their opinions on four key questions: 1) Did the service consider the best available scientific information, including the scientific literature, in developing this proposal? 2) Are the assumptions, analyses, and conclusions reflected in the proposed rule reasonable in light of the best information available? 3) Does the proposed rule draw reasonable and scientifically sound conclusions from Chambers et al., 2012? And 4) Does the proposed rule utilize the best available scientific information and draw reasonable and scientifically sound conclusions concerning the status of wolves? Their conclusions are presented individually, as well as through a full in-person discussion included in the paper. READ MORE

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‘‘We Don’t Tell People What To Do’’: An Examination of the Factors Influencing NGOs to Campaign for Reduced Meat Consumption
With the link between climate change and intensive animal farming ever clearer and more compelling, the question of how to address meat consumption has become a matter that environmental NGOs need to concern themselves with. However, with people's dietary choices being a sensitive subject, navigating the topic of meat-eating with NGO members (and the general public) is a complicated matter to say the least. This study of 48 NGOs from across North America, as well as Sweden, found that addressing (and not addressing) meat consumption in relation to climate change is strategically and tactically complicated, both for "environmentally-focused NGOs" and "food-focused" NGOs. The authors urge new efforts from both angles to address the pressing issue. READ MORE

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Longline Fishing (How What You Don’t Know Can Hurt You)
This article provides a general overview of the subject of longline fishing, including a detailed breakdown of how the practice came to prominence, how it is done, the kind of environmental damage it causes, and what might be done to mitigate or stop that damage. The author compiles global statistics to present a thorough picture of how longline fishing affects many different species (from birds to aquatic mammals), and shows possible solutions in an objective and practical manner. READ MORE

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Emerging Profiles for Cultured Meat; Ethics through and as Design
As lab-grown, cultured or "in vitro" meat develops further into a viable product fit for human consumption, questions around how we view lab-grown meat and what kind of ethical niche we wish it to fulfill remain up for debate. The authors of this paper consider two dominant profiles in support of cultured meat, one from a standpoint of animal ethics and one from the perspective of environmental sustainability, and offer a third possibility, one that might include real animals as part of the process. In this "third profile," researchers envision a kind of "backyard farming" scenario where farmed animals do not disappear from the process, but are instead kept in small numbers, donating stem cells for meat and also acting as companions. READ MORE

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The Future of Pork Production in the World: Towards Sustainable, Welfare-Positive Systems
This study speculates on forthcoming global trends in pig farming, beginning from the position that as human population grows, so too will "pork" production. The author considers issues of sustainability, defined broadly in terms of environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, and animal welfare. Looking at three animal welfare issues in particular -- "indoor" vs. "outdoor" production, gestation crating vs. pens, and male pig castration, the author outlines what he believes to be important ethical and economic considerations within each. The author takes exponential human population growth as a given, and a clear indicator that our "need" for pork will continue to rise, and always from the bottom line that "if a farming system is not economically competitive, it cannot survive." READ MORE
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