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Research Alternatives

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UK Funders Demand Strong Statistics for Animal Studies
In animal experimentation, the replacement of animals wherever possible, reduction of the number of animals tested on, and refinement of experiments to use fewer animals is known as the "3 Rs." This guideline is supposed to govern a great deal of animal experimentation around the world, yet many millions of animals are still used in laboratories every year. In the U.K., a research council has presented 2015 guidelines instructing that "funding applicants must now show that their work will provide statistically robust results or risk having their grant application rejected." This may mean that researchers have to use more animals in experiments or they risk having their funding cut. READ MORE

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Normalizing the Unthinkable: The Ethics of Using Animals in Research
Despite years of advocate opposition and growing concern from the general public, animal experimentation remains an entrenched part of most of the scientific establishment. This publication from the U.K., prepared by Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics, looks to challenge the practice of animal experimentation from every angle: scientific, financial, institutional, and ethical. The paper brings together a plethora of sources into one comprehensive document that argues that animal experiments are ethically unsupportable and create bad science. READ MORE

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The Multifactorial Role of the 3Rs in Shifting the Harm-Benefit Analysis in Animal Models of Disease
Testing on animals for biomedical research is viewed as unethical by many animal advocates. The use of animals within the field is generally governed by a patchwork of state-level and national regulations, as well as a loose set of principles called the "3 Rs" (that stand for replacement, reduction, and refinement). This paper looks at the role of the 3 Rs in the promotion of ethical practices in animal experimentation, taking the view that the consistent application of the 3 Rs can result in animal research that is ethically sound. READ MORE

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Despite Esteem for Science, Public at Odds with Scientists on Major Issues
The Pew Research Center is taking a close look at the real and perceived role of science in the eyes of the American public and policy-makers. In a study of both the scientific community and a broad cross section of the public, Pew examined how Americans view science in relation to their own lives and public policy, in addition to investigating how scientists see themselves as agents of influence in American life. Of special interest to animal advocates is a considerably large difference in how both groups view animal research issues as well as certain matters related to food. READ MORE

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How To Assess Stress in Reptiles
This paper considers different methods to measure stress in reptiles, as well as the environmental factors that might lead to stress responses in the first place. There are many factors that could contribute to the stress of different species of reptiles, but this paper highlights capture and living in captivity as stressful situations that cause corticosteroid release in many reptile species. The author uses previously published literature to demonstrate how different levels of stress may result in different physiological responses in reptiles, and describes non-invasive, non-captive ways of measuring stress in reptile populations. READ MORE
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