Addressing Challenges In Shelter Animal Adoption
U.S. Shelter animal intakes increased 10% in 2023 compared to 2021, while dog adoptions fell by 1%. The authors of this report describe the situation as a “crisis,” noting that animal shelter professionals are seeking insights from consumers about why they aren’t adopting companion animals.
This report, compiled by Hill’s Pet Nutrition, offers insights into the declining rates of U.S. shelter adoptions as well as perspectives from the animal welfare community on their biggest challenges and opportunities. The report relies on a YouGov survey of 1,505 U.S. adults as well as interviews with animal welfare professionals.
While 82% of U.S. consumers believe there are too many homeless companion animals, many are constrained financially due to inflation, the cost of veterinary care, and general expenses related to caring for an animal. For example, the report notes that veterinary expenses have increased at an annual inflation rate of 10%, while 15% of survey respondents noted that they struggle to access veterinary care.
Housing policies also present significant obstacles for would-be guardians. The report notes that 73% of respondents live in homes with companion animal restrictions — 19% of consumers said their housing facility limits the number of animals that can be kept, while 15% limits the size of animals. One animal shelter professional noted that they’re seeing a decrease in puppies and small dogs entering their shelters, suggesting that guardians are acquiring these animals from other sources.
Unrealistic expectations about animal companions also impede shelter adoptions. The report indicates that 41% of animal guardians acquire their companions from sources other than shelters, with 23% unable to find their desired companion in a shelter. Furthermore, 35% are concerned about the health or behavioral problems of shelter animals. Experts in the report suggest that shelter staff can significantly assist in finding the right match for each adopter, advocating for flexibility in breed choice.
The report argues that fostering is a beneficial alternative to adoption, yet survey respondents expressed their concerns about becoming “foster failures.” The report notes that 76% of fosters end up adopting, and 38% doubt their ability to refrain from adopting their foster animal. To manage this, the authors suggest setting clear fostering objectives and timelines, actively promoting the animal for adoption, and connecting with other foster caretakers for support.
For those considering rehoming an animal companion in the near future, consumers cited moving to a new location (23%), behavioral or training issues (21%), and financial difficulties (13%) as the primary causes.
Survey respondents also shared their preferences regarding animals they would consider adopting. Most aspiring guardians feel animal personality, behavior, and health are the most important considerations when it comes to adopting. Dogs are the most sought-after species, preferably aged 1-3 years and either small- or medium-sized. People may be incentivized to adopt if vaccinations, spay and neutering services, and ongoing vet care are provided.
Despite the challenges faced by shelters, the report indicates that 87% of consumers express a willingness to adopt more animals, with 68% considering shelter adoption for their future animal companions. Most animal guardians report positive experiences with shelters, perceiving shelter animals as more likely to be vaccinated, well-socialized, and trained.
Finally, the report addresses the mental health impact of the “shelter crisis” on caregivers and veterinarians, who often confront difficult situations. The report underscores the importance of community and professional support for these individuals. For example, it’s important to reduce the pressure on shelter staff to achieve difficult goals, especially when they face shelter overcrowding and limited resources.
While it appears that many consumers are open to adopting their next companion animal, the issues of financial constraints, housing restrictions, and expectations may continue to pose barriers to adoption. To overcome these challenges, animal advocates can educate the public about adoption and the importance of going into the process without preconceived notions about the “right” animal. Advocates should also put pressure on housing associations and governments to ease companion animal restrictions and seek ways of making animal guardianship more financially attainable, for example through affordable veterinary programs and animal food pantries.