Why Do So Many Calves Die On Modern Dairy Farms?
The death of calves during or immediately following birth may be seen as a crucial indicator of poor farm management practices by consumers and animal advocates, while many dairy farmers see it as a normal part of farming. Highest mortality is often focused in relatively few farms, but the reasons for this are unknown, as reporting is not standardized internationally, and after-death testing may not be performed. This article discusses common and suspected causes of calf mortality, and calls for better monitoring to research and address it.
[Abstract excerpted from original source]
“Poor bovine neonatal survival rates are an international animal welfare issue. The key modifiable risk factors associated with such loss are age at first calving in primiparae, calf breed, gender and gestation length and calving management. The primary causes of mortality in the perinatal period are calving problems, in particular dystocia, defined as both difficult and abnormal calvings. Calf loss rates are rising on modern dairy farms in many countries internationally. High calf loss rates are often not recognised at national or at farm-level; recording needs to be improved. Improving bovine neonatal survival requires re-prioritization of this issue. Stakeholders need to be made cognisant of this prioritization. Actions to effect change need to occur at both national and farm-levels. National-level actions need firstly to address raising awareness of the issue. Farm-level actions need to focus on identifiable problem farms through targeted surveillance. Application of existing knowledge to alter modifiable risk factors is the key to improving calf welfare in the future. Research also has a role to play in filling knowledge gaps in particular about the ‘unexplained stillbirth’.”
http://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/3/4/1036