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Impact of Livestock on Giant Pandas and Their Habitat
The expansion of farming is changing the world and our environment in many ways; one of which is the significant alteration to the landscape. The expansion of grazing lands for farmed animals into the habitats of wild animals can have a profound effect on their ability to live naturally and find food. This study from Wolong Nature Reserve in China examines how domesticated horses grazing in areas of the park have impacted giant pandas living there. The research finds that as grazing lands for farmed animals expand, they push giant pandas out, and have a detrimental effect on the pandas' ability to survive and find food. READ MORE

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Trophy Hunters’ Willingness to Pay For Wildlife Conservation and Community Benefits
There is probably nothing about trophy hunting (let alone hunting in general) that would be seen as ethically justifiable for animal advocates. However, in Ethiopia and other parts of Africa, conservationists are increasingly finding themselves considering the idea of permitting a certain amount of trophy hunting in order to boost overall support for conservation efforts. This study sets aside the obvious ethical issues with such hunting, and examines how the trade-off between trophy hunting and conservation might function. READ MORE

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Repetitive Behaviour in Kennelled Domestic Dog: Stereotypical or Not?
Behavior in animals that is repetitive, unvarying, and has no obvious goal is often described as "stereotypical." It is generally seen most frequently in situations of captivity and / or stress. However, not all repetitive behavior is stereotypical, and this study seeks to better understand how kenneled domestic dogs display (or don't display) this behavior. The research finds a tremendous variance in the stimuli that can trigger stereotypical behavior, and notes the difficulty in assessing exact causes. READ MORE

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The Trouble with Insect Cyborgs
The use of animals by the military is not new, but it seems to be forever evolving into new areas. This article outlines recent moves by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to develop insect cyborgs - fusing insect bodies with hardware that facilitates their control by humans for military purposes. The paper acts as an overview of insect cyborg developments, as well as a deconstruction of the ways in which humans justify the use and killing of insects. READ MORE

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“Pets or Meat”? Ethics and Domestic Animals
There is often a deep disconnect and great variation in how we treat farmed, companion, and wild animals. Using a particular scene from Michael Moore's documentary Roger and Me as a starting point - a scene where backyard rabbits are sold as "pets or meat" - this article unpacks the ethics around our perceptions of the different categorizations of animals. The author approaches the subject by viewing these categories of animals through the lens of an "ethic of care," and suggests ways of acting ethically towards all wild, companion, and farmed animals. READ MORE

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Overfishing and the Replacement of Demersal Finfish by Shellfish: An Example from the English Channel
When overfishing occurs in various parts of the world, the response from industry is usually always the same: rather than reducing fishing efforts (or abandoning the practice), they simply fish further down the food chain (or "trophic levels") until those species are also depleted, and continue the process downwards. This long-ranging study examining statistics from the past 90 years, finds that fishing in the English Channel has followed this same destructive pattern of fishing down trophic levels, with devastating results. The findings show that serious measures need to be taken to stop fishing in certain areas and governments have to take a more proactive role in marine protection, otherwise overfishing of marine species will have irrecoverable consequences. READ MORE

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Behavioral Differences Among Breeds of Domestic Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris): Current Status of the Science
Though there is a tremendous amount of visible variation among dog breeds, all domestic dogs belong to the species Canis lupus familiaris. This study examines how much breed variation has an effect (or lack thereof) on behavioral traits, recognizing that many particular types of dogs have been bred for hundreds and sometimes thousands of years. The results show that the behavioral differences thought to exist among different breeds are more pronounced depending on the research methods used. READ MORE

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Emptying the Oceans: A Summary of Industrial Whaling Catches in the 20th Century
As on land, the "industrialization" of the oceans has a huge impact on the animals that inhabit it. This study looks at how the centuries old practice of whaling has become industrialized since the early 1900's, and how this process has impacted whale populations worldwide. The research uncovers a steady (and sometimes sharp) increase in whale catch numbers since the early 1900s, and also finds that record-keeping on whaling globally has been inconsistent and sporadic. READ MORE

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Package This: Beauty Consumers Favor ‘Cruelty Free’ and ‘Natural’ Product Claims
For consumers of beauty products, labels are an important way of discerning which items to buy, and for addressing a wide variety of consumer concerns. A Neilsen poll shows that purchasing products that are "not tested on animals" is important for a majority of beauty product consumers, and labels are the primary method of finding out this information. However, there is some discrepancy between the number of consumers who consider animal welfare important, and those that are willing to pay extra for cruelty-free products. READ MORE
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